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IVF

What is IVF?

IVF is the original 'test-tube' baby technique. It was developed more than 30 years ago for the treatment of women with damaged Fallopian tubes, and this remains an important reason for treatment today.

How does IVF work?

All IVF treatments begin with a course of hormone therapy to stimulate the development of several follicles in the ovary. These are collected as eggs, which are then fertilised in a test-tube ('in vitro') to create several embryos. After between two and five days in an incubator, one or two of these embryos are transferred through the vagina to the uterus, where implantation occurs and pregnancy begins. However, in IVF as in natural conception, not every embryo implants to become a pregnancy, which is why surplus embryos are frozen - so that a subsequent transfer might be tried if the first one fails. Freezing is now an essential part of every clinic's IVF programme.

IVF Treatment Process

Step 1 – Getting Started

The first step is to discuss our program details with our Patient Coordinators — either by calling or sending an email via our Contact Us page. You will be advised in detail the cost of treatment, tests required, and the details of our IVF process. Please use this opportunity to ask any questions, as it is very important for you to understand the treatment process entirely from beginning to end (and everything in between).

Step 2 – Tests

Before starting your IVF treatment, there are tests that need to be carried out in order for Dr. Verda to assess your fertility levels and prescribe the correct dose of medication that you will need to take before traveling to Cyprus.

Test include:

Hormone blood tests: FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone), AMH (Anti-Müllerian Hormone), TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone), E2 and Prolactin

Trans-vaginal ultrasound scan: Antral Follicle Count

Once you have the results, you will need to email them to your coordinator. Dr. Verda will go over the test results and confirm if is possible to go move forward with IVF treatment. We also ask you to complete and return a medical information form via email.

It is also a beneficial idea for your partner to have a semen analysis carried out before the IVF treatment to ensure there are no issues with male infertility.

If you wish to have the tests carried out in Cyprus, then you will need to arrive in Cyprus on the first day of your menstrual cycle and stay for approximately 20 days.

Once all the details have been discussed and a treatment plan has been arranged, we do ask for a deposit in order to schedule your treatment (this is non-refundable). It is possible to use a combined contraceptive pill in order to regulate your cycle — giving you the ability to plan ahead for your desired treatment date.

Step 3 – Medication

Medication is prescribed and taken before arriving at Kyrenia IVF. Pre-tests will determine the correct dose. Our IVF specialists will send you a prescription and a medication protocol clearly indicating the proper medication to take, when to take it and the options for obtaining the medication. The stimulation medication is in the form of subcutaneous injections, and is prescribed to stimulate the follicles that contain the eggs and to prevent premature ovulation.

You will need further medication during your treatment in Cyprus which will be detailed on your protocol. Dr. Verda will advise of any changes to the medication plan once yo have arrived at Kyrenia IVF, and we can organize for the medication to be delivered to your hotel.

Step 4 – In Cyprus

Initial scan

Day one of your menstrual cycle marks day one of the treatment process with medication following. On day 10 you are will fly to Cyprus. Your coodinator will be in touch that evening to advise your pick-up time for the appointments in Cyprus. Lyndsay is based at the hospital and so will be there to meet you for all of your appointments.

The initial scan consists of a trans-vaginal ultrasound to check the development of your follicles. (Dr Verda may prescribe additional stimulation medication at this stage if necessary). If the eggs are ready, our dedicated nurses will administer a ovulation trigger injection that evening at your hotel. The injection stimulates the final maturation of eggs in the ovaries. The eggs will be then collected 34 to 36 hours after the injection is administered.

Egg & Sperm Collection

Our team will advise you of your pick-up time for the day of egg collection. Upon arrival at the hospital, a nurse will show you to your room and provide you with the garments necessary to wear for the procedure. You will be taken to the operating room where you will be sedated and asleep throughout the entire procedure. (Since you will be sedated you must NOT eat or drink after midnight the previous evening and we will remind you of this when you are in Cyprus).

Your eggs will be collected under transvaginal ultrasound guidance. A needle is inserted through the vaginal wall into the ovaries using ultrasound to locate each follicle. The follicular fluid is drawn up to obtain the eggs. Generally, the egg retrieval takes 20-30 minutes. You may experience some cramping and light bleeding after the procedure — however this is perfectly normal. You will be able to take a mild painkiller if necessary.

During the eggs collection, our team at Kyrenia IVF will be preparing the sperm sample from your partner (or donor). Abstinence from ejaculation for two to three days prior to providing the semen specimen is recommended.

Fertilization

The most motile sperms are selected for fertilization. To ensure fertilization, our team uses the ICSI procedure. This technique involves the insemination of sperm into each egg by micro-injection.

Once you have had the appropriate rest, our transfer team will take you back to your hotel. Our doctors will also discuss with you the amount of eggs that were collected and the sperm quality. Our team will also discuss with you any other information regarding the procedures carried out that day.

After 24 hours, you will receive an update regarding the fertilization process and the amount of embryos.

Embryo Transfer

The embryos are transferred on either day three or day five of development. Our compassionate embryologist is highly skilled in identifying healthy embryos and in some cases will recommend extending embryo development to day five — also known as blastocyst stage.

Blastocyst transfer is common in IVF cycles as it can increase the chances for success while decreasing the likelihood of multiples. Dr. Verda will work closely with our Embryologist to determine if a day three or day five transfer is ideal for you.

On transfer day, Dr. Verda will discuss with you the quality and quantity of your embryos. You can then decide how many you wish to have transferred. Again you will be shown to a room and provided with the necessary garments. Embryos are transferred to the uterus through a soft embryo transfer catheter. This painless procedure is similar to a pap smear and does not require any anaesthesia. The embryos are placed in a small amount of fluid inside the catheter, which is passed through the cervix at the time of a speculum examination and ultrasound guıdance. The embryos are placed in a position to reach the top part of the uterus. The catheter is removed and checked to ensure that all the embryos have been transferred.

You are required to have a full bladder for the transfer procedure and we advise that you begin drinking water on the way to the hospital. After the embryo transfer is complete, your bed will be wheeled from the procedure room into your private room, all while you remain lying flat on your back. Since you must remain as flat as possible, a bed pan will be brought to you by the nurse approximately 15 minutes after the transfer procedure if needed.

If you desire to use cryopreservation, the good quality embryos that are not transferred can be frozen in liquid nitrogen, carefully labeled and stored in the embryo bank. These can be used in subsequent cycles if pregnancy is not achieved on the first attempt or if you decide to have more children at a later date.



Step 5 – The Result

The most accurate test for pregnancy is the beta hCG blood test — 12 days after the embryo transfer (day 1 being the day after transfer took place). hCG is human, also known as 'the pregnancy hormone'. The body begins to produce hCG when an embryo begins to implant in the uterus. While we understand many intended parents are anxious to find out the results at home, please wait until day 12. The ovulation trigger injection the nurse administered prior to egg collection contains hCG and if you test too soon you may pick up traces of this and NOT the hCG produced by pregnancy. The injection can remain in your system for 8-10 days so testing too soon may give a false positive. The beta hCG test will report the level of hCG hormone that is present.

In some cases, it can be difficult to have a blood test carried out. A home pregnancy test will indicate whether or not there is any detectable hCG in your urine and not the level present. Please wait to carry out a home pregnancy test 14 days after the embryo transfer. Please note hCG is present in urine in the highest concentration first thing in the morning.

If you have a positive result, it is very important that you continue the medication as advised by Dr. Verda. You can also advise your doctor / gynaecologist as you will need support and subsequent tests and scans. You should repeat the beta test in 2 to 3 days. The goal is to have the level of hCG double every 3 days. If it does another beta test should be carried out in another 2-3 days time. If all three betas indicate a healthy pregnancy, then a vaginal ultrasound will be scheduled between 6 to 8 weeks of the pregnancy. At that time, your doctor will be looking for a heartbeat and a gestational sac to confirm the pregnancy.

If the result is negative and you have had a blood test on day 12, ALL medication should cease straight away. If the result is negative and you have carried out a urine test on day 14, werecommend that you continue taking the medication as advised by Dr. Verda for another 2 days and test again. If the result is still negative, ALL medication should cease right away.

Any negative result on your pregnancy test is devastating — Dr. Verda and the Kyrenia IVF staff are available to answer any questions you have about the procedure and discuss further options for you.